Module 02 — Support and Movement · quiz worth 20 pts · 2026-09-10
A movement name makes sense when it is tied to a joint, a direction, and a muscle-bone relationship.
Ask where two bones meet and where the angle changes.
Angle smaller/larger gives flexion/extension; away/toward midline gives abduction/adduction.
The contracting muscle pulls its insertion through a tendon while ligaments stabilize the joint.
The arm returns from a sideways raised position to the body. What motion is that?
Adduction, because it moves toward the midline.
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Flexion decreases the angle at a joint; extension increases it. Abduction moves a part away from the body's midline; adduction brings it toward the midline. Rotation turns a bone around its long axis. Always name the joint or body part so the motion is unambiguous.
The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. Axial muscles support and move the head, neck, and trunk. Examples from the lesson include the trapezius, pectoralis major and minor, latissimus dorsi, external obliques, and rectus abdominis.
The appendicular skeleton includes the pectoral and pelvic girdles plus the arm and leg bones. Lesson examples include the clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, pelvis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, and metatarsals. Appendicular muscles include the deltoid, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, gluteus maximus, hamstrings, quadriceps femoris, and gastrocnemius.
Long bones, such as the femur, have an elongated shaft and expanded ends. Short bones, such as carpals, are roughly cube-shaped. Flat bones, such as ribs and parts of the skull, are thin and often protect organs. Irregular bones, such as vertebrae, have more complex shapes.
A joint is where bones meet. A skeletal muscle crosses a joint and pulls on a bone through a tendon, which connects muscle to bone. A ligament connects bone to bone and stabilizes the joint. Adjacent muscles can work as partners or opposites: the biceps flexes the elbow, while the triceps extends it.
Use the attachment endpoints to separate tendon from ligament.
That connective tissue is a tendon.
That connective tissue is a ligament.
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Physical activity raises muscle demand for oxygen and nutrients and increases carbon-dioxide and heat production. Heart rate and breathing rate usually rise to meet that demand. Vital signs are measurements to interpret in context, not isolated labels.
For each situation, identify the motion or the structure that makes it possible.
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