Module 02 — Support and Movement · quiz worth 18 pts · 2026-09-15
Structure, material, cells, and time answer most bone questions.
Compact bone is dense; spongy bone is a trabecular lattice.
Collagen resists tension, while minerals resist compression.
Osteoblast builds, osteocyte maintains, osteoclast clears.
Hematoma, soft callus, hard callus, then remodeling.
Which cell must become more active to remove old bone during remodeling?
An osteoclast.
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Compact bone forms a dense outer layer and is organized into cylindrical osteons around central canals. Spongy bone is a lattice of trabeculae with spaces that reduce mass and can contain red bone marrow. Long-bone shafts have a thick compact wall around a medullary cavity; their ends contain more spongy bone beneath a compact shell.
Bone is connective tissue with cells embedded in an extracellular matrix. Collagen fibers contribute flexibility and tensile strength; mineral salts, especially calcium phosphate, contribute hardness and compression resistance. Blood vessels and nerves reach living tissue through canals.
Osteoblasts build new bone matrix. Mature osteocytes maintain the surrounding matrix and communicate through tiny canals. Osteoclasts break down bone. Balanced building and resorption allow growth, repair, mineral regulation, and reshaping in response to stress.
A fracture first damages blood vessels, producing a hematoma and inflammation. A soft callus bridges the break with connective and cartilage-like tissue. A hard callus replaces it with spongy bone. During remodeling, bone is reshaped and strengthened along stress lines.
Use the kind of bridge at each stage.
Broken vessels make a hematoma and inflammatory response.
A soft callus stabilizes the gap.
Hard callus is followed by remodeling.
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A fracture may be closed or open depending on whether bone breaks the skin. Other patterns include transverse, oblique, spiral, comminuted, greenstick, and impacted fractures. Pattern, alignment, location, blood supply, age, and health all affect treatment and healing time.
Osteoporosis reflects loss of bone mass and increased fracture risk. Osteomyelitis is a bone infection. Bone cancers may begin in bone or spread there from another location. Accurate diagnosis depends on evidence such as history, imaging, laboratory findings, biopsy, and the affected tissue—not one symptom alone.
Use structure, cell role, and repair order to justify each answer.
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